1978 Canadian Penny

Quick answers

Is the 1978 Canadian Penny rare?

No. 911.2 million were made, so circulated examples are worth face value.

How many 1978 Canadian pennies were made?

911,170,647 were struck for circulation.

What is the 1978 Canadian Penny made of?

Bronze (98% copper, 1.75% tin, 0.25% zinc). It weighs 3.24 g and measures 19.05 mm.

Is the 1978 Canadian Penny still legal tender?

Yes. The Royal Canadian Mint stopped distributing cents in 2013, but they remain legal tender. Cash payments are rounded to the nearest five cents, so most pennies now sit in jars or go to banks.

How to recognize it

The 1978 Canadian Penny is round, 19.05 mm across and bronze (98% copper, 1.75% tin, 0.25% zinc).

1978 Canadian Penny by the numbers

By the numbers, the 1978 Canadian Penny ranks 143rd lowest of 151 Canadian cent dates and varieties from 1858 to 2012. The next scarcer is the 1982 12-Sided Canadian Penny (911 million); the next more common is the 1980 Canadian Penny (912.1 million).

For scale, the most common is the 1981 Round Canadian Penny with 1.21 billion, about 1.3 times as many. The scarcest is the 1858 Canadian Penny with 421,000, 2164 times fewer than this one.

Compared with the dates around it, the 1978 output was 2 times the 1977 figure and 1.2 times the 1979 figure.

Over the 1970s the Mint produced 5.67 billion cents across 10 dates and varieties; the 1978 Canadian Penny accounts for 16% of that.

What to check on your 1978 Canadian Penny

• Check the color. Collectors describe copper cents as red, red-brown or brown; original red color is worth far more than toned or dull surfaces.
• Never clean it. Rubbing, polishing or dipping leaves fine scratches and an unnatural color that collectors spot at once.

Tiara portrait, centennial dove and 12-sided cents, 1965 to 1989

In 1965 Arnold Machin's portrait replaced Gillick's. The queen now wears a tiara and the legend is shortened to ELIZABETH II D·G·REGINA. The first year produced well known varieties: the beads around the rim come in large and small sizes and specialists also sort the date by a pointed or blunt 5. For 1967 alone, Canada's centennial, Alex Colville's rock dove in flight replaced the maple twig, with the dates 1867 and 1967. The twig returned in 1968.

The cent changed physically several times in this period as copper prices rose. In 1978 the alloy became 98% copper, 1.75% tin and 0.25% zinc. In 1980 the coin was made thinner, dropping from 3.24 g to 2.8 g. In 1982 it became 12-sided at 2.5 g, a shape that also makes the cent easy to tell apart by touch. Production reached levels never seen before: 1981 topped 1.2 billion coins, the highest cent mintage in Canadian records. Most years of the 1970s and 1980s ran well into the hundreds of millions.

Nearly every coin in this group is common, so the interesting ones are about design and variety. Check 1965 coins for bead size, keep 1967 doves aside as a one year design and notice the shape: round to 1981, 12-sided from 1982. Weight helps with 1979 to 1981, since the lighter 1980 and 1981 coins are thinner. Worn coins are face value. Bright red uncirculated coins draw a small premium at most and the strongest interest goes to recognized varieties.

Mintage chart

Specifications